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Crosses --- Shrines --- Sacred space --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Calvaries --- Crucifixes --- Roods --- Signs and symbols --- Crucifixion

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Why are religious visions believed only in certain times and places? In this book William Christian investi gates the settings and responses to a series of group visions reported by Spaniards in rural Galicia, Valencia, Cantabria, and Navarre in the early part of this century the most notable one involving the crucifix at Limpias, where Jesus was first seen agonizing on the cross during a mission service in March of 1919. In light of the social strife and strong anticlerical movements of the period, the author examines how gender and religious politics influenced the experiences of seers and the interpretation of their visions by church officials, journalists, and the public. Christian approaches the story inductively, from the visionaries and the parish to the religious orders, diocesan officials, and Vatican envoys. He places the events in the context of mission dramaturgy and pilgrimages to Lourdes, and shows their ramifications in Italy, Mexico, the United States, France, and Central Europe. Using oral testimony, church archives, local newspaper accounts, and apologetic literature, Christian finds that some observers related the moving crucifixes to a logical, millenarian sequence that included earlier apparitions in France; for others they were divine reactions to national political events; while for many local people they were signs for the establishment of new shrines. His study reveals the preoccupations of ordinary people and how they found expression in religious images.Originally published in 1992.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Crosses --- History --- Jesus Christ --- Cult --- Spain --- Religious life and customs. --- Calvaries --- Crucifixes --- Roods --- Signs and symbols --- Crucifixion --- Crosses - Spain - History - 20th century.

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In this book, Beatrice E. Kitzinger explores the power of representation in the Carolingian period, demonstrating how images were used to assert the value and efficacy of art works. She focuses on the cross, Christianity's central sign, which simultaneously commemorates sacred history, functions in the present, and prepares for the end of time. It is well recognized that the visual attributes of the cross were designed to communicate its theology relative to history and eschatology; Kitzinger argues that early medieval artists also developed a formal language to articulate its efficacious powers in the present day. Defined through form and text as the sign of the present, the image of the cross articulated the instrumentality of religious objects and built spaces. Whereas medieval and modern scholars have pondered the theological problems posed by representation, Kitzinger here proposes a visual argument that affirms the self-reflexive value of art works in the early medieval West. Introducing little-known sources, she re-evaluates both the image of the cross and the project of book-making in an expanded field of Carolingian painting.

Crosses. --- Holy Cross in art. --- Christian art and symbolism --- Art, Carolingian --- Art, Carlovingian --- Carolingian art --- Art, Medieval --- Calvaries --- Crucifixes --- Roods --- Signs and symbols --- Crucifixion --- Themes, motives.

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Historical markers --- -Milestones --- -Crosses --- -Calvaries --- Crucifixes --- Roods --- Signs and symbols --- Crucifixion --- Mileposts --- Boundary stones --- Street signs --- Markers, Historical --- Historic buildings --- Historic sites --- Monuments --- Signs and signboards --- Hesse (Germany) --- -Hesse (Germany) --- -History, Local --- Antiquities --- Crosses --- Milestones --- Antiquities. --- -Gross-Hessen (Germany) --- Greater Hesse (Germany) --- Hessen (Germany) --- Land Hesse (Germany) --- State of Hesse (Germany) --- Hesse-Darmstadt (Germany) --- Hesse-Nassau (Germany) --- History, Local --- Mile pillars --- Pillars, Mile

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Quels sont les processus de transformation d’une forme symbolique ? Comment s’importe-t-elle et s’intègre-t-elle dans des traditions et des rituels qui lui sont étrangers ? Pierre Déléage nous livre ici une belle étude de cas. Son enquête, à la croisée de l’anthropologie et de l’histoire, a pour terrain les relations qui s’établirent, au cours des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, entre des missionnaires catholiques et les Micmacs, groupe amérindien peuplant les côtes atlantiques de l’actuelle frontière séparant le Canada des États-Unis. Chez les Micmacs, la croix était un signe d’alliance diplomatique, guerrier et chamanique. Confrontés à cette situation, les missionnaires français usent d’un syncrétisme pédagogique pour propager la croix chrétienne. Quant aux " hiéroglyphes" micmacs, méthode d’inscription tout à fait exceptionnelle, ils se constituent à l’intersection des traditions pictographiques autochtones et de l’écriture alphabétique apportée par les missions. Cet ouvrage démontre la force d’innovation produite par les interactions entre des systèmes symboliques différents. Il décrit et explique comment l’hétérogénéité culturelle construit l’efficace des objets et des rituels, assure leur propagation et aboutit à l’invention de traditions nouvelles pour un groupe humain donné à un moment de son histoire

Missionaries --- Symbolic anthropology --- North America --- Crosses --- New France --- Micmac Indians --- Micmac language --- Symbolism in anthropology --- Anthropology --- Religious adherents --- Micmaensi language --- Micmak language --- Mihemak language --- Mikmaque language --- Mi'kmaq language --- Algonquian languages --- Mickmak Indians --- Migmac Indians --- Mi'kmaq Indians --- Mi'kmaw Indians --- Algonquian Indians --- Indians of North America --- Calvaries --- Crucifixes --- Roods --- Signs and symbols --- Crucifixion --- Rites and ceremonies --- Writing --- History --- North America - New France